Wanda kang agricultural
science and technology
Introduction to the
Tea saponinAnd tea saponin, from YouChaShu fruit (namely) of tea seed extracted carbohydrate glucoside compounds, is a kind of good performance of natural non-ionic surface active agent, it can be widely used in light industry, chemical industry, pesticide, feed, aquaculture, textile, oil, mining, building materials and in areas such as highway construction, manufacturing emulsifier, detergent, pesticide, fertilizer, feed additive, crab shrimp aquaculture protective agents, textile auxiliaries, oil bubble agent, mining flotation agent and air entrained concrete stabilizing foam agent and concrete admixtures, antifreeze, etc.
Physical and chemical properties
Tea saponin to triterpene saponin, with spicy, stimulate cause sneezing, nasal mucosa is tasted for white fine columnar crystals, hygroscopicity strong, with methyl red acidic, hardly soluble in anhydrous methanol, ethanol, not soluble in ethyl ether, acetone, benzene, petroleum ether and other organic solvents, soluble in water, aqueous ethanol, methanol, and glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, pyridine, etc.The tea saponins solution with hydrochloric acid, acid, saponin is precipitation.Melting point:224℃.
Effection and purpose
Tea saponin has damage to the animal red blood cells, to produce hemolysis phenomenon.To produce hemolysis of the dilution ratio is biggest hemolysis index to measure the active size, tea saponin hemolytic is lower than the tea saponin may, the hemolysis index of tea saponin may1000000, tea saponin, tea saponin and the hemolytic index of camellia saponin were designed100000.Tea saponin on only the red blood cells (including nucleus of fish blood, chicken blood, and without blood red blood cells) to produce hemolysis, and white blood cells, no impact.Therefore, tea saponin has a toxic effect, to the fish and prawn non-toxic role.Is tea saponin is thought to cause the hemolytic mechanism of cholesterol in the cell membrane permeability caused by a change, the original is damaged cell membranes, resulting in leakage of cytoplasm, finally make the red blood cell disintegration.Soluble role premise, is tea saponin must contact with blood, so when people and oral is not toxic.
Theaceae tea saponin from tea seed plant extract from the seeds of a sugar compound, it belongs to saponin is a kind of natural non-ionic surfactant.Via detecting, tea saponin with good emulsification, dispersion, foaming, moist, and other functions, and have anti-inflammatory and analgesic, penetration resistance and other pharmacological effects.Tea saponin with fine product is a pale yellow powder, widely used in washing, wool spinning, knitting, such as medicine, daily chemical industry production.In solid type pesticide as wetting agents and suspending agent, as in the ec type pesticide synergist and exhibition of the agent, can also be used directly as a biological pesticide.
Tea saponin as pesticide wetting agents can improve the wetting properties of the wettable powder and floating rate(p75%), as a kind of natural non-ionic surface active agent, join the pesticide use, obviously improve the pesticide solution of the physical and chemical properties, improve the drug on the target volume, to help the pesticide efficacy into full play, therefore, the use effect can be improved.As pesticide advantage is wet fast wetting agents, dispersing performance is strong,pH5.5-6.5Acid, neutral, does not cause decomposition of pesticide, pesticide storage.These are can't compared with synthetic surfactants.At present, tea saponin has been widely used in multi-effect azole, isopropyl, ethyl phosphate aluminum, such as pesticide tricyclazole wetting agents.
Tea saponin is a good agent or soluble powder pesticide auxiliaries, can improve the physical properties of the pesticide, improve liquid in biological or plant surface adhesion, a synergy of pesticides.Tea saponin can automatically degradation, non-toxic, in the process of separation, it will not affect the performance of chemical pesticide, pesticide storage.Have been extensively used in herbicide glyphosate, tea saponin on insecticidal double pesticides, especially on glyphosate, give full play to the good performance of glyphosate, improve the adhesion and moisture absorption in plant, improve the penetration of liquids, and because of good biological activity of tea saponin, also can improve the biological activity of glyphosate.
Tea saponin with good biological activity, and insecticidal single, marla sulfur phosphorus, destroy, kung fu, chrysanthemum ester, Greek lang, ketone of mites, nicotine, dimethoate,rotenoneMixed respectively prevention and control of constricted pipe aphid, plutella xylostella, citrus claw mite, etc, all have obvious synergistic effect.
Tea saponin on caterpillar has certain stomach poison and avoid is not strong, and the higher concentration of, avoid is avoid, the more of white cabbage caterpillar hazards prevention and control has a certain effect.On the garden flowers used for prevention and control of underground pests pesticides, such as cutworms, nematode pests.Also harm to rice apple snails and snail, snail, etc all have good poison effect.
1), the physical and chemical properties
Tea saponin from tea seed cake extract a soap, the basic structure consists of triterpenoid saponins, sugars, structure of acid.Pure tea saponin is milky white or light yellow solid amorphous powder.Melting point223-224℃.The average molecular formulaC57H90O26.Relative molecular mass is1200-2800.Aqueous solution ofPHA value of5.7。
Tea saponin solution after the oscillation can produce persistent foam, foaming power is not affected by water hardness.Tea saponin is hygroscopic, bitter and spicy, has strong hemolysis effect, add cholesterol in saponin, hemolytic effect disappeared.
Tea saponin has insecticidal, sterilization, stimulate plant growth and other biological activity and surface activity.Tea saponin solution with hydrochloric acid, tea saponin precipitation.
Toxicity and protection: rats (SD) through the mouthLD504466.8㎎/㎏.percutaneousLD5010000㎎/㎏, non-toxic to mammals.
2), and process development
By biological technology and membrane separation technology to extraction of tea saponin post-processing, product purity in97More than %.
3) process characteristics
Purification of tea saponin with resin method, chemical stability is good, and desorption under mild conditions, with the economic benefits of macroporous resin absorption is higher, due to the physical loop USES a closed circuit, does not produce any pollution to the environment in the production, especially suitable for the purification of chemical substances such as tea saponin.
Using solvent extraction fine, coarse tea saponin of incomplete extraction of tea saponin and extraction conditions of control, to ensure that the delicate tea saponin with high purity and light color, reasonable technological process, condition control easy, extraction solvent, non-toxic and can be recycled, do not produce environmental pollution, is suitable for industrial production.Has made full use of raw materials at the same time, to reduce production costs, and can produce high purity of white tea saponin, tea saponin, of this specification can be used as a biological reagent and medicine raw material, available for export.
Tea saponinProduction when using pure natural raw materials of tea seed (ChaKu), without the use of chemical synthesis of auxiliary agent.The whole process is pollution-free, safe.This kind of green surfactant, has recently been recognized as the pure natural, pollution-free and safe surfactant.This kind of surfactants in the clean degree is higher, is no pollution at all.
4) application development
Technology focused on improving the performance of a kind of excellent nonionic surfactant - natural tea saponin extraction process.Tea saponin has strong foaming, emulsification, dispersion, wetting, and almost not affected by the hardness of water quality.In addition, it also has the permeability, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-cancer physiological activity.
Tea saponin molecules composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic sugar in the coordination of group composition, belongs to pentacyclic triterpene compounds, theaceae, camellia plants contain a kind of natural sugar glucoside compounds.Tea saponin molecules composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic sugar in the coordination of the group, to significantly acid methyl red, is a kind of natural non-ionic surface active agent, has a large surface activity, wet sex is strong, good clear oily water, small surface tension, critical micelle concentration is low, the surface does not sufferPHValue and the water quality impact on protein substances with cleaning and protection,With disinfection, sterilization, anti-corrosion, emulsification, dispersion, wetting, decontamination, foam and so on the many kinds of surface active properties.Detergent is widely used in daily chemical industry, fiber industrial paraffin emulsion, the beer industry of foaming agent and foam agent, pesticide industrial emulsifying, fungicide, aerated concrete building materials industry, road asphalt emulsifier, pharmaceutical raw materials and mining flotation, washing and wool spinning, knitting, medicine, daily chemical and other industries of production, producing all kinds of detergent, pesticide emulsifier, wetting agent and adhesion agent, the agent, biological pesticides, fungicides and snail control agent, foam fire extinguishing agent.
As a kind of natural non-ionic surface active agent, green tea saponin has a hydrophilic and oil two active group, can significantly reduce the surface tension of the solution, the surface tension decreased. With the increase of concentration of a surfactant micelles formed peculiar phenomena and strong resistance to hard water, has been in the paper industry, oil industry, leather industry and due to many industries develop continuously update application.
Tea saponintheHLBValues (hydrophilic oil-wet equilibrium value) determination for emulsification method16, dispersing, foaming, and dirtO/WType of emulsification with better performance.In the widepHA value of4 ~ 10, within the scope of the foaming power change is very small, and has good foam stability.
Tea saponin in the solid type pesticide as wetting agents and suspending agent, as in the ec type pesticide synergist and exhibition of the agent, can also be used directly as a biological pesticide.Refined tea saponin as environmentally friendly pesticide auxiliaries can be widely applied to the production of pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, etc, in order to achieve synergistic solubilization, the purpose of the attenuated.Also because the tea soap has avoid flooding and biological hormones, its itself is also a good biological pesticides, also can stimulate crop growth.Underground pests is difficult to control pests, give priority to with tea saponin made special pesticide agent, not only can effectively kill cutworms, earthworms and leeches (leech), nematodes, and won't cause soil pollution, is conducive to environmental protection.
Made from saponin in tea as the main body of environmental protection clear pond, on the one hand, can be a clear pond breeding before, can also be used to kill in the process of breeding DiHai fish, on the other hand can also promote the shrimp exuviation, stimulate the growth of the prawn, at the same time it can kill well attached to the crab of nematodes and pinch off insect, achieve the goal of treating crab disease.
Tea saponin is a kind of slow release type of pesticides, which have hemolytic effect, kill pests into pest damage in the body the protoplasm, and it has strong surface activity and diffusion ability, pest in surface form a uniform thin film, tag pests, and has very strong suction wet sex, make pests after absorbing dew infiltrates in liquid, its strong adhesion force better efficacy.
Tea saponinPlant-based pesticides - "gram mite net", "spirit to kill the pest of citrus and the main pests such as rice chaff orange arrow pointed pest, pest, red, yellow rust spiders, ticks have a significant effect, the rice planthopper and leafhopper, three moth and tea caterpillar has the good effect, the effect lasting, no pollution, not to kill your enemy, safe for human, its rich, low price, simple preparation, medicine source popularizable applications, social benefit and economic benefit is remarkable.
Tea saponin with fungicidal, insecticidal, and promote plant growth and various physiological functions.Preparation of tea saponin as main raw materials series of citrus and rice insecticides and fungicides used in large area insecticidal, its starscream, chaff pest of citrus and vector pointed pest control effect to abroad25% The Times of joy,25% best happy pesticides also effect;Used for rice planthopper control effect and homebred rice20% isoprocarb emulsion, the effect lasting, resistance to water flushing, minimal toxic products, no teratogenic and no stimulation to skin, use safety.
Tea saponin in the solid type pesticide as wetting agents and suspending agent, as in the ec type pesticide synergist and exhibition of the agent, can also be used directly as a biological pesticide.
Take advantage ofTea saponinMade from the feed additive substituting antibiotics, effectively reduce the zoonotic diseases, make whole breeding on a new step, and finally make people eat FangXinRou.
After extraction of tea saponin in the surplus meal, contains rich protein, starch, lignin and mineral elements, slightly as poultry, livestock and fish feed processing.Still can use biological engineering technology, tea seed meal as raw material for protein feed bacteria mixed solid fermentation production bacteria, value-added efficiency achieve more than pulp.By thalli proteins produced by this technique can be arbitrary proportion made all sorts of premixed or concentrated feed, add effectively improve due to its palatability, and is rich in tea polysaccharides and tea polyphenols antioxidant activity, such as ingredients, breeding of livestock and poultry disease resistance is strong, the meat quality is excellent.In addition, after crushing can be added to the straw as edible fungus PeiYangLiao, edible fungus grows fast, succulent rich, taste delicious.
Tea saponinAnd other plant saponin, has diverse biological activities, tea saponin solution to animal red blood cell damage, produce hemolysis phenomenon - toxicity of tea saponin, therefore, tea saponin can't intravenous, oral only (tea saponin hydrolysis is not absorbed by the intestines and stomach).Tea saponin of cold-blooded animal toxicity is bigger, can be used as breeding kill some clear pond of fish.Made from saponin in tea as the main body of environmental protection clear pond, on the one hand, can be a clear pond breeding before, can also be used to kill in the process of breeding DiHai fish, on the other hand can also promote the shrimp exuviation, stimulate the growth of the prawn, at the same time it can kill well attached to the crab of nematodes and pinch off insect, achieve the goal of treating crab disease.
In shrimp farming, tea saponin can prevention and treatment of prawn black gill disease occurrence and control of parasites, and can promote the molting and growth.The hemolytic effect and use of tea saponin fish poison action (3x10-6Have very good effect), can kill harmful fish, can be used as a cleaning agent pool, but no influence for prawns (concentration for safety20x10-6).In animal husbandry and aquaculture, tea saponin can reduce cholesterol levels in the body, animals to develop low cholesterol products.
In addition, in order toTea saponinAs the main body of the product development have prawn aquaculture protective agent, pesticide wetting agents, auxiliaries, paraffin wax emulsifying agent, concrete air-entraining agent (concrete air-entraining agent) construction industry, and so on, has a great potential for development.
In addition,Tea saponinIn the vegetables planting of snail control, insecticidal and livestock and poultry breeding has a very good role in antibacterial, antibacterial.Tea saponin can be used in building material, medicine, food and beverage, textile, oil, mining, photography and copy, and fire and other industries.
By biological technology and membrane separation technology to extraction of tea saponin post-processing, purity of product97More than %.Because of the tea saponin has become green natural pollution-free green products, should make the development and application of tea saponin in China to a new level, we make full use of the tea seed, tea seed cake resources, make contributions for the development of economy.